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Cómo se pone en órbita al Transbordador Espacial?

¿Por qué el Transbordador Espacial necesita despegar anexado a dos cohetes (llamados Solid Rocket Boosters o Cohetes Aceleradores Sólidos) y un inmenso tanque de combustible? ¿Por qué no simplemente despega como cualquier otro avión para subir, subir, subir hasta llegar al espacio? Esto es porque el proceso para salir de la atmósfera y poner en órbita a una nave es un poco más complicado de lo que nos imaginamos.

Para lograrlo es necesario que el Transbordador Espacial obtenga cierta velocidad pero también una trayectoria específica que es mucho más horizontal que vertical, aunque esto no sea obvio porque simplemente vemos que la nave "sube". La imagen que acompaña este post evidencia el "camino" arqueado (como nuestro cielo/planeta). A una aceleración suficiente, el Transbordador sale al espacio, caso contrario llegaría a un techo y no podría elevarse más (Actualizacion: al mantener órbitas bajas el transbordador no necesita alcanzar velocidad de escape).

El Transbordador Espacial necesita alcanzar una velocidad equivalente de 7,68 kilómetros por segundo o 27.650 kilómetros por hora para asi mantener una órbita casi perfecta, misma a la que se mueve la Estación Espacial Internacional; es esencial que los dos objetos se muevan a una misma velocidad, trayectoria y ángulo para poder lograr un acoplamiento.

Foto: NASA

Fuente: Alt1040.com









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